when hyphenation is unnecessary
one of the main reasons to insert a hyphen between two words that aren’t normally hyphenated is to help readers sort out the text when those words are used as a compound modifier before a noun.
citing book reviews
chicago-style source citations are designed to be both concise and informative. ideally, readers should be able to tell what a citation refers to despite its abbreviated nature.
capitalizing kinship names and the like
a kinship name is a name for a family member, whether close or distant. such names include mom, dad, sister, brother, aunt, uncle, cousin, and so on.
i.e., e.g., etc.
latin may be a dead language, but many of its words and phrases flourish in modern english. the most common latin borrowing might be an abbreviation: the all-purpose etc., short for et cetera, “and others of the same kind.”
punctuating interrupted conjunctions
coordinating conjunctions join pairs of words, phrases, or clauses, but when such a conjunction is interrupted by an intervening phrase or clause, it can be difficult to know where to put the commas. this is especially true when the conjunction joins the parts of a compound sentence.
commas with restrictive and nonrestrictive relative clauses
if you’ve ever had to learn how to use commas with relative clauses—especially clauses introduced by which or that—you may have also encountered the word restrictive and its opposite, nonrestrictive. what do those two words mean, and what do they have to do with commas?
“invisible” endnotes
when you read a book that includes source citations, do you prefer footnotes or endnotes? publishers usually assume that the average reader will prefer endnotes, on the principle that they’re less distracting than footnotes.
when to capitalize an initial “the”
a “the” at the beginning of a word or phrase that would normally be capitalized—including the name of an organization or the title of a work—presents a dilemma. when is the “the” capitalized? in chicago style, the answer comes down to a few rules that can help you decide in each case.
a few exceptions worth noting
even the most straightforward rule will be subject to an exception sooner or later. that’s why cmos qualifies so many of its rules with usually or generally. but some exceptions are so common that they deserve to be called rules themselves.
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copyeditors typically work in a word-processed manuscript, making and suggesting changes directly in the document. proofreaders come in at a later stage, after the manuscript has been converted and formatted for publication in a program like adobe indesign.
